It can be said across the twentieth century, the three "electric" era, that is, electrical era, the electronic age, and has now entered the computer age. However, such a computer, usually refers to the personal computer, referred to as PC. It consists of the host, keyboard, monitor etc.. Another type of computer, most people do not know how. This computer is to smart to give a variety of mechanical microcontroller (also known as micro-controller). As the name suggests, this computer system only used the smallest one IC, you can perform simple operations and control. Because of its small size, usually hidden in a charged mechanical "stomach" Lane. It is the entire device, like the human brain plays a role, it goes wrong, the whole device was paralyzed.
Now, this MCU has a very wide field of use, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, home appliances and so on. Once the microcontroller were using a variety of products, you can serve to upgrade the effectiveness of the product, often in the product name is preceded by the adjective - "smart", such as washing machines and so intelligent. At present, some technical personnel of factories or other amateur electronics developers to engage in out of certain products, not the circuit is too complex, that is, functions are too simple and easy to be copied. The reason may be stuck in the product without the use of a microcontroller or other programmable logic device.
SCM basic component is a central processing unit (CPU in the computing device and controller), read-only memory (usually expressed as a ROM), read-write memory (also known as Random Access Memory MRAM is usually expressed as a RAM) , input / output port (also divided into parallel port and serial port, expressed as I / O port), and so composed. In fact there is also a clock circuit microcontroller, so that during operation and control of the microcontroller, can rhythmic manner. In addition, there are so-called "break system", the system is a "janitor" role, when the microcontroller control object parameters that need to be intervention to reach a particular state, can after this "janitor" communicated to the CPU, so that CPU priorities of the external events to take appropriate counter-measures.
單片機的簡介
可以說，二十世紀跨越了三個“電”的時代，即電氣時代、電子時代和現已進入的電腦時代。不過，這種電腦，通常是指個人計算機，簡稱PC機。它由主機、鍵盤、顯示器等組成。還有壹類計算機，大多數人卻不怎麽熟悉。這種計算機就是把智能賦予各種機械的單片機（亦稱微控制器）。顧名思義，這種計算機的最小系統只用了壹片集成電路，即可進行簡單運算和控制。因為它體積小，通常都藏在被控機械的“肚子”裏。它在整個裝置中，起著有如人類頭腦的作用，它出了毛病，整個裝置就癱瘓了。
現在，這種單片機的使用領域已十分廣泛，如智能儀表、實時工控、通訊設備、導航系統、家用電器等。各種產品壹旦用上了單片機，就能起到使產品升級換代的功效，常在產品名稱前冠以形容詞——“智能型”，如智能型洗衣機等。現在有些工廠的技術人員或其它業余電子開發者搞出來的某些產品，不是電路太復雜，就是功能太簡單且極易被仿制。究其原因，可能就卡在產品未使用單片機或其它可編程邏輯器件上。
單片機的基本組成是由中央處理器（即CPU中的運算器和控制器）、只讀存貯器（通常表示為ROM）、讀寫存貯器（又稱隨機存貯器通常表示為RAM）、輸入/輸出口（又分為並行口和串行口，表示為I/O口）等等組成。實際上單片機裏面還有壹個時鐘電路，使單片機在進行運算和控制時，都能有節奏地進行。另外，還有所謂的“中斷系統”，這個系統有“傳達室”的作用，當單片機控制對象的參數到達某個需要加以幹預的狀態時，就可經此“傳達室”通報給CPU，使CPU根據外部事態的輕重緩急來采取適當的應付措施。