需要手工生成證書的情況有:
找不到可用的證書
需要配置雙向SSL,但缺少客戶端證書
需要對證書作特別的定制
首先,無論是在Linux下還是在Windows下的Cygwin中,進行下面的操作前都須確認已安裝OpenSSL軟件包。
1. 創建根證書密鑰文件(自己做CA)root.key:
openssl genrsa -des3 -out root.key
輸出內容為:
[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out root.key
Generating RSA private key, 512 bit long modulus
……………..++++++++++++
..++++++++++++
e is 65537 (0×10001)
Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 輸入壹個新密碼
Verifying – Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 重新輸入壹遍密碼
2. 創建根證書的申請文件root.csr:
openssl req -new -key root.key -out root.csr
輸出內容為:
[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl req -new -key root.key -out root.csr
Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 輸入前面創建的密碼
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN ← 國家代號,中國輸入CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:BeiJing ← 省的全名,拼音
Locality Name (eg, city) []:BeiJing ← 市的全名,拼音
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MyCompany Corp. ← 公司英文名
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: ← 可以不輸入
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []: ← 此時不輸入
Email Address []:admin@mycompany.com ← 電子郵箱,可隨意填
Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []: ← 可以不輸入
An optional company name []: ← 可以不輸入
3. 創建壹個自當前日期起為期十年的根證書root.crt:
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -sha1 -extensions v3_ca -signkey root.key -in root.req -out root.crt
輸出內容為:
[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -sha1 -extensions v3_ca -signkey root.key -in root.csr -out root.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=MyCompany Corp./emailAddress=admin@mycompany.com
Getting Private key
Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 輸入前面創建的密碼
4. 創建服務器證書密鑰server.key:
openssl genrsa –des3 -out server.key 2048
輸出內容為:
[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
….+++
…………………………………………..+++
e is 65537 (0×10001)
運行時會提示輸入密碼,此密碼用於加密key文件(參數des3便是指加密算法,當然也可以選用其他妳認為安全的算法.),以後每當需讀取此文件(通過openssl提供的命令或API)都需輸入口令.如果覺得不方便,也可以去除這個口令,但壹定要采取其他的保護措施!
去除key文件口令的命令:
openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key
5.創建服務器證書的申請文件server.csr:
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
輸出內容為:
[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.req
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN ← 國家名稱,中國輸入CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:BeiJing ← 省名,拼音
Locality Name (eg, city) []:BeiJing ← 市名,拼音
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MyCompany Corp. ← 公司英文名
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: ← 可以不輸入
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.mycompany.com ← 服務器主機名,若填寫不正確,瀏覽器會報告證書無效,但並不影響使用
Email Address []:admin@mycompany.com ← 電子郵箱,可隨便填
Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []: ← 可以不輸入
An optional company name []: ← 可以不輸入
6. 創建自當前日期起有效期為期兩年的服務器證書server.crt:
openssl x509 -req -days 730 -sha1 -extensions v3_req -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key -CAserial root.srl -CAcreateserial -in server.csr -out server.crt
輸出內容為:
[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl x509 -req -days 730 -sha1 -extensions v3_req -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key -CAcreateserial -in server.csr -out server.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=MyCompany Corp./CN=www.mycompany.com/emailAddress=admin@mycompany.com
Getting CA Private Key
Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 輸入前面創建的密碼
7. 創建客戶端證書密鑰文件client.key:
openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 2048
輸出內容為:
[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
……………………………………………………………………………..+++
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….+++
e is 65537 (0×10001)
Enter pass phrase for client.key: ← 輸入壹個新密碼
Verifying – Enter pass phrase for client.key: ← 重新輸入壹遍密碼
8. 創建客戶端證書的申請文件client.csr:
openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
輸出內容為:
[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
Enter pass phrase for client.key: ← 輸入上壹步中創建的密碼
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN ← 國家名稱,中國輸入CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:BeiJing ← 省名稱,拼音
Locality Name (eg, city) []:BeiJing ← 市名稱,拼音
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MyCompany Corp. ← 公司英文名
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: ← 可以不填
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:Lenin ← 自己的英文名,可以隨便填
Email Address []:admin@mycompany.com ← 電子郵箱,可以隨便填
Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []: ← 可以不填
An optional company name []: ← 可以不填
9. 創建壹個自當前日期起有效期為兩年的客戶端證書client.crt:
openssl x509 -req -days 730 -sha1 -extensions v3_req -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key -CAserial root.srl -CAcreateserial -in client.csr -out client.crt
輸出內容為:
[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl x509 -req -days 730 -sha1 -extensions v3_req -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key -CAcreateserial -in client.csr -out client.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=MyCompany Corp./CN=www.mycompany.com/emailAddress=admin@mycompany.com
Getting CA Private Key
Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 輸入上面創建的密碼
10. 將客戶端證書文件client.crt和客戶端證書密鑰文件client.key合並成客戶端證書安裝包client.pfx:
openssl pkcs12 -export -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.pfx
輸出內容為:
[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl pkcs12 -export -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.pfx
Enter pass phrase for client.key: ← 輸入上面創建的密碼
Enter Export Password: ← 輸入壹個新的密碼,用作客戶端證書的保護密碼,在客戶端安裝證書時需要輸入此密碼
Verifying – Enter Export Password: ← 確認密碼
11. 保存生成的文件備用,其中server.crt和server.key是配置單向SSL時需要使用的證書文件,client.crt是配置雙向SSL時需要使用的證書文件,client.pfx是配置雙向SSL時需要客戶端安裝的證書文件
.crt文件和.key可以合到壹個文件裏面,把2個文件合成了壹個.pem文件(直接拷貝過去就行了)
參考:/s/blog_4fd50c390101891c.html
x509證書壹般會用到三類文,key,csr,crt。
Key是私用密鑰openssl格,通常是rsa算法。
Csr是證書請求文件,用於申請證書。在制作csr文件的時,必須使用自己的私鑰來簽署申,還可以設定壹個密鑰。
crt是CA認證後的證書文,(windows下面的,其實是crt),簽署人用自己的key給妳簽署的憑證。
1.key的生成
opensslgenrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
這樣是生成rsa私鑰,des3算法,openssl格式,2048位強度。server.key是密鑰文件名。為了生成這樣的密鑰,需要壹個至少四位的密碼。可以通過以下方法生成沒有密碼的key:
opensslrsa -in server.key -out server.key
server.key就是沒有密碼的版本了。
2.生成CA的crt
opensslreq -new -x509 -key server.key -out ca.crt -days3650
生成的ca.crt文件是用來簽署下面的server.csr文件。
3.csr的生成方法
opensslreq -new -key server.key -outserver.csr
需要依次輸入國家,地區,組織,email。最重要的是?有壹個common name,可以寫妳的名字或者域名。如果為了https申請,這個必須和域名吻合,否則會引發瀏覽器警報。生成的csr文件交給CA簽名後形成服務端自己的證書。
4.crt生成方法
CSR文件必須有CA的簽名才可形成證書,可將此文件發送到verisign等地方由它驗證,要交壹大筆錢,何不自己做CA呢。
opensslx509 -req -days 3650 -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey server.key-CAcreateserial -out server.crt
輸入key的密鑰後,完成證書生成。-CA選項指明用於被簽名的csr證書,-CAkey選項指明用於簽名的密鑰,-CAserial指明序列號文件,而-CAcreateserial指明文件不存在時自動生成。
最後生成了私用密鑰:server.key和自己認證的SSL證書:server.crt
證書合並:
catserver.key server.crt > server.pem