妳好，因為圖片只能發壹張，所以三段介紹只能給壹張圖片了
第壹章是向日葵，這個圖片好找，就不給妳附上了，
Sunflowers?(original?title,?in?French,?Tournesols)?are?the?subject?of?a?series?of?still?life?paintings?executed?in?oil?on?canvas?by?the?Dutch?painter?Vincent?van?Gogh.?Among?the?Sunflowers?paintings?are?three?similar?paintings?with?fifteen?sunflowers?in?a?vase,?and?two?similar?paintings?with?twelve?sunflowers?in?a?vase.?Van?Gogh?painted?the?first?Vase?with?Twelve?Sunflowers,?which?is?now?in?the?Neue?Pinakothek?Museum?in?Munich,?Germany,?and?the?first?Vase?with?Fifteen?Sunflowers,?which?is?now?in?National?Gallery,?London,?England,?in?August?1888?when?he?was?living?in?Arles?southern?France.?The?later?similar?paintings?were?painted?in?January?the?following?year.?The?paintings?are?all?painted?on?about?93?×?72?cm?(37"?×?28")?canvases.?An?earlier?series?of?four?still?life?using?sunflowers?were?painted?in?Paris?in?1887.
Van?Gogh?began?painting?in?late?summer?1888?and?continued?into?the?following?year.?One?went?to?decorate?his?friend?Paul?Gauguin's?bedroom.?The?paintings?show?sunflowers?in?all?stages?of?life,?from?fully?in?bloom?to?withering.?The?paintings?were?innovative?for?their?use?of?the?yellow?spectrum,?partly?because?newly?invented?pigments?made?new?colours?possible.?In?a?letter?to?his?brother?Theo,?van?Gogh?wrote:?the?sunflower?is?mine?in?a?way.
On?March?31,?1987,?even?those?without?interest?in?art?were?made?aware?of?van?Gogh's?Sunflowers?series?when?Japanese?insurance?magnate?Yasuo?Goto?paid?the?equivalent?of?USD?$39,921,750?for?Van?Gogh's?Still?Life:?Vase?with?Fifteen?Sunflowers?at?auction?at?Christie's?London,?at?the?time?a?record-setting?amount?for?a?work?of?art.?The?price?was?over?four?times?the?previous?record?of?about?$12?million?paid?for?Andrea?Mantegna's?Adoration?of?the?Magi?in?1985.?The?record?was?broken?a?few?months?later?with?the?purchase?of?another?Van?Gogh,?Irises?by?Alan?Bond?for?$53.9?million?at?Sotheby's,?New?York?on?November?11,?1987.
While?it?is?uncertain?whether?Yaso?Goto?bought?the?painting?himself?or?on?behalf?of?his?company,?the?Yasuda?Fire?and?Marine?Insurance?Company?of?Japan,?the?painting?currently?resides?at?Seiji?Togo?Yasuda?Memorial?Museum?of?Modern?Art?in?Tokyo.?After?the?purchase?a?controversy?arose?whether?this?is?a?genuine?van?Gogh?or?an?Emile?Schuffenecker?forgery.
第二張是他割耳朵後又繃帶纏著，叼著煙鬥的那張
It?is?generally?recognised?that?Van?Gogh?cut?off?the?lobe?of?his?left?ear?during?some?sort?of?seizure?on?24?December?1888,?although?doubt?has?recently?been?cast?on?this?theory?by?Dr?Wildegans,?who?suggests?that?an?accident?during?a?fight?between?himself?and?Gauguin?may?have?been?the?cause.?Mental?problems?afflicted?Van?Gogh,?particularly?in?the?last?few?years?of?his?life,?and?during?some?of?these?periods?he?did?not?paint?or?was?not?allowed?to.?There?has?been?much?debate?over?the?years?as?to?the?source?of?Van?Gogh's?mental?illness?and?its?effect?on?his?work.?Over?150?psychiatrists?have?attempted?to?label?his?illness,?and?some?30?different?diagnoses?have?been?suggested.
Diagnoses?which?have?been?put?forward?include?schizophrenia,?bipolar?disorder,?syphilis,?poisoning?from?swallowed?paints,?temporal?lobe?epilepsy?and?acute?intermittent?porphyria.?Any?of?these?could?have?been?the?culprit?and?been?aggravated?by?malnutrition,?overwork,?insomnia,?and?a?fondness?for?alcohol,?and?absinthe?in?particular.
Still?Life?with?Absinthe?(1887)Medical?theories?have?even?been?proposed?to?explain?Van?Gogh's?use?of?the?colour?yellow.?One?theory?holds?that?Van?Gogh's?colour?vision?might?have?been?affected?by?his?love?of?absinthe,?a?liquor?that?contains?a?neurotoxin?called?thujone.?High?doses?of?thujone?can?cause?xanthopsia:?seeing?objects?in?yellow.?However,?a?1991?study?indicated?that?an?absinthe?drinker?would?become?unconscious?from?the?alcohol?content?long?before?consuming?enough?thujone?to?develop?yellow?vision.?Another?theory?suggests?that?Dr.?Gachet?might?have?prescribed?digitalis?to?Van?Gogh?as?a?treatment?for?epilepsy.?There?is?no?direct?evidence?that?he?ever?took?digitalis,?but?he?did?paint?Gachet?with?some?cut?flower?stalks?of?Common?Foxglove,?the?plant?from?which?the?drug?is?derived.?Those?who?take?large?doses?of?digitalis?often?report?yellow-tinted?vision?or?yellow?spots?surrounded?by?coronas?(like?those?in?the?The?Starry?Night)?and?changes?in?overall?colour?perception.
A?recently?proposed?illness?is?lead?poisoning.?The?paints?he?used?were?lead-based,?and?one?of?the?symptoms?of?lead?poisoning?results?in?a?swelling?of?the?retina,?which?may?have?led?to?the?halo?effect?seen?in?many?of?Van?Gogh's?later?works.It?has?been?suggested?that?Van?Gogh?suffered?from?the?brain?disorder?hypergraphia.?This?is?a?manifestation?of?another?disorder?that?appears?as?a?near?constant,?overwhelming?urge?to?write.?The?disorders?it?is?most?commonly?associated?with?are?mania?and?epilepsy.
第三張，我附上圖片給妳
Nevertheless,?Van?Gogh?persevered?with?his?work.?He?improved?the?lighting?of?his?atelier?(studio)?by?installing?variable?shutters,?and?experimented?with?a?variety?of?drawing?materials.?For?more?than?a?year?he?worked?hard?on?single?figures—highly?elaborated?studies?in?"black?and?white",?which?at?the?time?gained?him?only?criticism.?Nowadays?they?are?appreciated?as?his?first?masterpieces.?In?spring?1883,?he?embarked?on?multi-figure?compositions,?based?on?the?drawings.?He?had?some?of?them?photographed,?but?when?his?brother?commented?that?they?lacked?liveliness?and?freshness,?Vincent?destroyed?them?and?turned?to?oil?painting.?Already?in?autumn?1882,?Theo?had?enabled?him?to?do?his?first?paintings,?but?the?amount?Theo?could?supply?was?soon?spent.?Then,?in?spring?1883,?Vincent?turned?to?renowned?Hague?School?artists?like?Weissenbruch?and?Blommers,?and?received?technical?support?from?them,?as?well?as?from?painters?like?De?Bock?and?Van?der?Weele,?both?Hague?School?artists?of?the?second?generation.?When?he?moved?to?Nuenen,?after?the?intermezzo?in?Drenthe,?he?started?various?large?size?paintings,?but?he?destroyed?most?of?them?himself.?The?Potato?Eaters?and?its?companion?pieces,?The?Old?Tower?on?the?Nuenen?cemetery?and?The?Cottage,?are?the?only?ones?that?have?survived.?After?a?visit?to?the?Rijksmuseum?in?Amsterdam,?Vincent?was?aware?that?many?faults?of?his?paintings?were?due?to?a?lack?of?technical?experience.?So?he?went?to?Antwerp,?and?later?to?Paris?to?improve?his?technical?skill.
More?or?less?acquainted?with?impressionist?and?neo-impressionist?techniques?and?theories,?Van?Gogh?went?to?Arles?to?develop?these?new?possibilities.?But?within?a?short?time,?older?ideas?on?art?and?work?reappeared:?ideas?like?doing?series?on?related?or?contrasting?subject?matter,?which?would?reflect?the?purpose?of?art.?Already?in?1884?in?Nuenen?he?had?worked?on?a?series?that?was?to?decorate?the?dining?room?of?a?friend?in?Eindhoven.?Similarly?in?Arles,?in?spring?1888?he?arranged?his?Flowering?Orchards?into?triptychs,?began?a?series?of?figures?which?found?its?end?in?The?Roulin?Family,?and?finally,?when?Gauguin?had?consented?to?work?and?live?in?Arles?side?by?side?with?Vincent,?he?started?to?work?on?the?The?Décoration?for?the?Yellow?House,?probably?the?most?ambitious?effort?he?ever?undertook.?Most?of?his?later?work?is?elaborating?or?revising?its?fundamental?settings.
The?paintings?from?the?Saint-Rémy?period?are?often?characterized?by?swirls?and?spirals.?The?patterns?of?luminosity?in?these?images?have?been?shown[83]?to?conform?to?Kolmogorov's?statistical?model?of?turbulence.?At?various?times?in?his?life?Van?Gogh?painted?the?view?from?his?window;?this?culminated?in?the?great?series?of?paintings?of?the?wheat?field?he?could?see?from?his?adjoining?cells?in?the?asylum?at?Saint-Rémy.
好啦～很詳細了吧～：）