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2012年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解C

Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman's smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.

面部表情的含義由場合和關系決定。例如,在美國文化中微笑通常是壹種快樂的表達,不過也有其他含義,女人對警察微笑與她對小孩的微笑含義不同。微笑可以表示愛或禮貌,也可以隱藏真實的感情。它經常引起跨文化的困惑。例如,在俄羅斯,許多人當眾對陌生人微笑是不尋常的,甚至是不恰當的。然而,許多美國人在公***場所對陌生人隨意微笑(盡管在大城市並不常見)。壹些俄羅斯人認為美國人微笑的場合不當;壹些美國人認為俄羅斯人笑得不夠。在東南亞文化中,微笑經常被用來掩飾痛苦的感覺。越南人可能會講壹個悲傷的故事,但以微笑結束故事。

Our faces show emotions, but we should not attempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.

我們的臉上流露出情感,但我們不應該像“閱讀”來自我們自己文化的人壹樣,試圖“閱讀”來自另壹種文化的人。事實上壹種文化的成員不像另壹種文化的成員那樣公開表達自己的情感,並不意味著他們沒有經歷情感。相反,在允許的面部表情數量上存在文化差異。例如,在公開場合和正式場合,許多日本人不像美國人那樣自由地表達自己的情感,而和朋友在壹起時,日本人和美國人似乎表現出相似的情感。

It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of "reading" the other person incorrectly.

由於美國的個人和文化差異,很難對美國人和面部表情進行概括。在美國,來自某些文化背景的人似乎比其他人更善於表達自己的觀點,關鍵是不要評判那些表達情感方式不同的人。如果我們根據自己的文化習慣來判斷,我們可能會犯錯誤地“閱讀”他人。

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