首先需要壹個聊天服務器，這裏繼承asyncore的dispatcher類來實現，代碼如下
class ChatServer(dispatcher):
"""
聊天服務器
"""
def __init__(self, port):
dispatcher.__init__(self)
self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.set_reuse_addr()
self.bind(('', port))
self.listen(5)
self.users = {}
self.main_room = ChatRoom(self)
def handle_accept(self):
conn, addr = self.accept()
ChatSession(self, conn)
2.會話類
有了服務器類還需要能維護每個用戶的連接會話，這裏繼承asynchat的async_chat類來實現，代碼如下：
class ChatSession(async_chat):
"""
負責和單用戶通信
"""
def __init__(self, server, sock):
async_chat.__init__(self, sock)
self.server = server
self.set_terminator('n')
self.data = []
self.name = None
self.enter(LoginRoom(server))
def enter(self, room):
'從當前房間移除自身，然後添加到指定房間'
try:
cur = self.room
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
cur.remove(self)
self.room = room
room.add(self)
def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
'接受客戶端的數據'
self.data.append(data)
def found_terminator(self):
'當客戶端的壹條數據結束時的處理'
line = ''.join(self.data)
self.data = []
try:
self.room.handle(self, line)
except EndSession:
self.handle_close()
def handle_close(self):
async_chat.handle_close(self)
self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))
3.命令解釋器
現在就需要壹個命令解釋器能夠解釋用戶的命令，例如登錄、查詢在線用戶和發消息等，代碼如下：
class CommandHandler:
"""
命令處理類
"""
def unknown(self, session, cmd):
'響應未知命令'
session.push('Unknown command: %sn' % cmd)
def handle(self, session, line):
'命令處理'
if not line.strip():
return
parts = line.split(' ', 1)
cmd = parts[0]
try:
line = parts[1].strip()
except IndexError:
line = ''
meth = getattr(self, 'do_' + cmd, None)
try:
meth(session, line)
except TypeError:
self.unknown(session, cmd)
4.房間
接下來就需要實現聊天室的房間了，這裏我們定義了三種房間，分別是用戶剛登錄時的房間、聊天的房間和退出登錄的房間，這三種房間都有壹個公***的父類，代碼如下：
class Room(CommandHandler):
"""
包含多個用戶的環境，負責基本的命令處理和廣播
"""
def __init__(self, server):
self.server = server
self.sessions = []
def add(self, session):
'壹個用戶進入房間'
self.sessions.append(session)
def remove(self, session):
'壹個用戶離開房間'
self.sessions.remove(session)
def broadcast(self, line):
'向所有的用戶發送指定消息'
for session in self.sessions:
session.push(line)
def do_logout(self, session, line):
'退出房間'
raise EndSession
class LoginRoom(Room):
"""
剛登錄的用戶的房間
"""
def add(self, session):
'用戶連接成功的回應'
Room.add(self, session)
session.push('Connect Success')
def do_login(self, session, line):
'登錄命令處理'
name = line.strip()
if not name:
session.push('UserName Empty')
elif name in self.server.users:
session.push('UserName Exist')
else:
session.name = name
session.enter(self.server.main_room)
class ChatRoom(Room):
"""
聊天用的房間
"""
def add(self, session):
'廣播新用戶進入'
session.push('Login Success')
self.broadcast(session.name + ' has entered the room.n')
self.server.users[session.name] = session
Room.add(self, session)
def remove(self, session):
'廣播用戶離開'
Room.remove(self, session)
self.broadcast(session.name + ' has left the room.n')
def do_say(self, session, line):
'客戶端發送消息'
self.broadcast(session.name + ': ' + line + 'n')
def do_look(self, session, line):
'查看在線用戶'
session.push('Online Users:n')
for other in self.sessions:
session.push(other.name + 'n')
class LogoutRoom(Room):
"""
用戶退出時的房間
"""
def add(self, session):
'從服務器中移除'
try:
del self.server.users[session.name]
except KeyError:
pass
5.服務器端完整代碼
#!/usr/bin/python
# encoding: utf-8
from asyncore import dispatcher
from asynchat import async_chat
import socket, asyncore
PORT = 6666 #端口
class EndSession(Exception):
"""
自定義會話結束時的異常
"""
pass
class CommandHandler:
"""
命令處理類
"""
def unknown(self, session, cmd):
'響應未知命令'
session.push('Unknown command: %sn' % cmd)
def handle(self, session, line):
'命令處理'
if not line.strip():
return
parts = line.split(' ', 1)
cmd = parts[0]
try:
line = parts[1].strip()
except IndexError:
line = ''
meth = getattr(self, 'do_' + cmd, None)
try:
meth(session, line)
except TypeError:
self.unknown(session, cmd)
class Room(CommandHandler):
"""
包含多個用戶的環境，負責基本的命令處理和廣播
"""
def __init__(self, server):
self.server = server
self.sessions = []
def add(self, session):
'壹個用戶進入房間'
self.sessions.append(session)
def remove(self, session):
'壹個用戶離開房間'
self.sessions.remove(session)
def broadcast(self, line):
'向所有的用戶發送指定消息'
for session in self.sessions:
session.push(line)
def do_logout(self, session, line):
'退出房間'
raise EndSession
class LoginRoom(Room):
"""
剛登錄的用戶的房間
"""
def add(self, session):
'用戶連接成功的回應'
Room.add(self, session)
session.push('Connect Success')
def do_login(self, session, line):
'登錄命令處理'
name = line.strip()
if not name:
session.push('UserName Empty')
elif name in self.server.users:
session.push('UserName Exist')
else:
session.name = name
session.enter(self.server.main_room)
class ChatRoom(Room):
"""
聊天用的房間
"""
def add(self, session):
'廣播新用戶進入'
session.push('Login Success')
self.broadcast(session.name + ' has entered the room.n')
self.server.users[session.name] = session
Room.add(self, session)
def remove(self, session):
'廣播用戶離開'
Room.remove(self, session)
self.broadcast(session.name + ' has left the room.n')
def do_say(self, session, line):
'客戶端發送消息'
self.broadcast(session.name + ': ' + line + 'n')
def do_look(self, session, line):
'查看在線用戶'
session.push('Online Users:n')
for other in self.sessions:
session.push(other.name + 'n')
class LogoutRoom(Room):
"""
用戶退出時的房間
"""
def add(self, session):
'從服務器中移除'
try:
del self.server.users[session.name]
except KeyError:
pass
class ChatSession(async_chat):
"""
負責和單用戶通信
"""
def __init__(self, server, sock):
async_chat.__init__(self, sock)
self.server = server
self.set_terminator('n')
self.data = []
self.name = None
self.enter(LoginRoom(server))
def enter(self, room):
'從當前房間移除自身，然後添加到指定房間'
try:
cur = self.room
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
cur.remove(self)
self.room = room
room.add(self)
def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
'接受客戶端的數據'
self.data.append(data)
def found_terminator(self):
'當客戶端的壹條數據結束時的處理'
line = ''.join(self.data)
self.data = []
try:
self.room.handle(self, line)
except EndSession:
self.handle_close()
def handle_close(self):
async_chat.handle_close(self)
self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))
class ChatServer(dispatcher):
"""
聊天服務器
"""
def __init__(self, port):
dispatcher.__init__(self)
self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.set_reuse_addr()
self.bind(('', port))
self.listen(5)
self.users = {}
self.main_room = ChatRoom(self)
def handle_accept(self):
conn, addr = self.accept()
ChatSession(self, conn)
if __name__ == '__main__':
s = ChatServer(PORT)
try:
asyncore.loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt: