現在分詞和過去分詞主要差別在於：現在分詞表示"主動和進行"，過去分詞表示"被動和完成"(不及物動詞的過去分詞不表示被動，只表示完成)。分詞可以有自己的狀語、賓語或邏輯主語等。
1、 分詞作狀語分詞在句子中作狀語，可以表示時間、條件、原因、結果、讓步、伴隨等。
分詞在句子中作狀語，使用何種分詞，要取決於分詞與句子主語的關系：主謂關系用現在分詞，動賓或被動關系用過去分詞。
（1）現在分詞The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
（2）過去分詞Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)＋分詞"結構現在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時，有時可以在分詞前加while，when, once, although, until, if等連詞。
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分詞作定語分詞作定語時，單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語壹般置於所修飾的中心詞後面。現在分詞修飾的是發出該動作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關系)，過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(即與名詞是動賓關系)。
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
4、分詞作賓語補足語現在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動詞和look at, listen to等短語動詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動詞後面與名詞或代詞構成復合賓語，作賓語補語的成分。
5、分詞作表語分詞作表語通常看作形容詞來用。現在分詞表示主語的性質，而且主語多為物；過去分詞表示主語的感受或狀態，主語多為人