Debian的包管理器dpkg只出現在Debina Linux中。它的優點是不用被嚴格的依賴性檢查所困擾,但是只在Debian Linux發行版中才有這個包管理工具。
1.使用dpkg -i安裝deb包
語法:
dpkg -i package-file-name
-i is to install a package.
下例為使用dpkg來安裝tcl
$ dpkg -i tcl8.4_8.4.19-2_amd64.deb
Selecting previously deselected package tcl8.4.
(Reading database ... 94692 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking tcl8.4 (from tcl8.4_8.4.19-2_amd64.deb) ...
Setting up tcl8.4 (8.4.19-2) ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
如下所示,妳可以使用dpkg -l +名稱 來驗證安裝
$ dpkg -l | grep 'tcl'
ii tcl8.4 8.4.19-2 Tcl (the Tool Command Language) v8.4 - run-t
上面命令顯示tcl包是否安裝正確,其中“ii”表示“installed ok installed”
2.使用kpkg -r來刪除deb包
dpkg 加上 -r參數,用於卸載已安裝好的軟件包
$ dpkg -r tcl8.4
(Reading database ... 94812 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing tcl8.4 ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
現在檢查軟件包的狀態.
# dpkg -l | grep 'tcl'
rc tcl8.4 8.4.19-2 Tcl (the Tool Command Language) v8.4 - run-t
rc 代表 ‘removed ok config-files’. 卸載命令並沒有清除配置文件. 每個已安裝包的狀態可在 /var/lib/dpkg/status查看. tcl8.4 包狀態如下所示,
Package: tcl8.4
Status: deinstall ok config-files
Priority: optional
Section: interpreters
Installed-Size: 3308
以下命令表示徹底卸載軟件包(包括配置文件).
$ dpkg -P tcl8.4
(Reading database ... 94691 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing tcl8.4 ...
Purging configuration files for tcl8.4 ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
$ dpkg -l | grep 'tcl'
$
現在軟件已完全刪除, 在 /var/lib/dpkg/status 中查看狀態如下.
Package: tcl8.4
Status: purge ok not-installed
Priority: optional
Section: interpreters